{"id":8829,"date":"2022-03-08T10:00:34","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T10:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%b7-%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%b3%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%b8\/a-woman-invented-the-first-dishwasher\/"},"modified":"2022-03-08T10:00:34","modified_gmt":"2022-03-08T10:00:34","slug":"a-woman-invented-the-first-dishwasher","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%85%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%8c%d0%b8\/a-woman-invented-the-first-dishwasher\/","title":{"rendered":"A woman invented the first dishwasher"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dishwasher story<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The dishwasher is an equipment that is present in all homes to facilitate the daily life of many families.\u00a0Dishwashers have also become indispensable tools for people working in the HoReCa industry and need to wash big volumes of dishes that is unthinkable to wash by hand.\u00a0A commercial dishwasher is the answer<\/strong>, because it is able to wash automatically optimizing time and costs.\u00a0A commercial dishwasher is useful not only in the Horeca sector (hotels, restaurants and catering), but also in all contexts where you have to deal with any dishes or objects to be washed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Josephine Cochran, a woman, invented the first dishwasher<\/strong>.\u00a0But what is the story of this indispensable equipment?\u00a0What evolution has it undergone over time?\u00a0Let\u2019s find out it in this white paper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The ancestors of the dishwasher<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The invention of the dishwasher as an automatic dishwashing machine dates back to the mid-19th century.\u00a0In 1850<\/strong>, Joel Houghton<\/strong> patented for the first time a wooden device, operated by a crank, that sprayed water on the dishes.\u00a0In this way the first concept of semi-automatic dishwasher <\/strong>was born, a device that was however impractical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Some years later, in 1865<\/strong>, Levi A. Alexander patented [1] an updated machine<\/strong> with some improvements.\u00a0As per the image below, the device was circular in shape and was also operated by a crank.\u00a0In the middle part the dishes were placed in a wooden basket.\u00a0The system was hermetic to prevent water splashes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure 1: Principle diagram of the Levi Alexander patent [1]<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The invention of Josephine Cochran<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Some years later the concept of dishwasher takes a big step forward, thanks to Josephine Garis Cochran<\/strong>.\u00a0Mrs. Cochran was a wealthy American woman, her grandfather was the inventor of the steamboat, while her father was a civil engineer.\u00a0Josephine, concerned about her precious \u2018600 Chinese porcelain chipped by her servants, decided to find a better alternative to manual washing and invented in 1886 a fully automatic dishwasher<\/strong>.\u00a0Her phrase «if no one else is going to invent a dishwasher, I\u2019ll do it myself»<\/em> has become very famous. Well, she did it for real and in style.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Fig. 1 Josephine Garis Cochran<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mrs. Cochran was a very emancipated woman, strong and confident, although many men had tried to make her desist from the development of her invention, because of the culture strongly masculinist in vogue. Thanks also to Cochran, today, almost 150 years after her invention, we continue to exploit the result of her feminine intuition.
Her invention consisted of a device driven by an electric motor in which soapy water was sprayed from above on the dishes that were placed in the different compartments of the basket.\u00a0The device was patented in 1886<\/strong> [2].\u00a0 This invention caused a sensation, and was exhibited at the World Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893<\/strong>, an event that further enhanced its fame [3], [4]. Mrs. Cochran, throught this invention, founded the Josephine Cochran\u2019s Crescent Washing Machine Company.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 1917 <\/strong>the first prototype <\/strong>of 1886 was significantly improved with a new patent<\/strong> [5].\u00a0In this new version we can find many elements in common with modern dishwashers.\u00a0The electric motor (10) that, by means of a belt (8), moves the pump (5) that pushes the water through the washing column (11) and then into the upper rotating washing arm (15).\u00a0At the bottom, the tank (2) is filled with water and overflows excess water through the overflow plug to the drain pipe (3).\u00a0Dishes (17) are placed in the baskets (18).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Figure 2: Second patent of Josephine Cochran [5] from 1917<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Josephine Cochran was inducted into the \u201cNational Inventors Hall of Fame<\/em>\u201d in 2006 <\/strong>because of her great contribution to American technological development [6]. As evidence of the far-reaching impact of its invention, the government of Romania — a country which Cochran in reality had no connection with — in 2013 issued a stamp with her face <\/strong>for the World Intellectual Property Day<\/em> [7].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The modern dishwashing machines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The modern features of the dishwasher had been incorporated by the British engineer and soldier William Howard Livens<\/strong>, thanks to a patent dated 1924<\/strong> [8].\u00a0 Livens, like Josephine Cochran, also aimed to improve working conditions at home and, at least initially, had no intention of exploiting the invention economically.\u00a0The improvements compared to previous models were the use of rotating arms to spray hot water and the final drying. After some modifications, the connection to the pipes for domestic water and electricity was introduced in 1940. Despite significant progress, this was not a commercial success. Only in 1950s the appliances had become smaller, cheaper and therefore cheaper.\u00a0Large-scale diffusion was facilitated by the introduction of mass production: the use of these machines spread within the middle class.\u00a0In Italy, the proliferation of supply and demand began with the «economic boom<\/em>» of the 1960s. In this period had been founded many companies manufacturing dishwashing machines, like Elframo, founded in the middle of the Economic Boom, in the mid-60s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Figure 5: Elframo plant in 1968<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The current scenario and the spread of dishwashers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Today, household dishwashers are an appliance that is not fully accepted by the population. Germany and Sweden are among the countries with the highest rate of adoption of glasswashers (about 72%)<\/strong>. Portugal, France, Italy and Greece are at slightly lower levels (use 55% — 65%). On the contrary, in the UK, hand washing of dishes is much more common and only 46% of people have a dishwasher at home [9]. As a result, the potential market is not yet fully saturated and there are some opportunities for further developments.
In the commercial field, according to a survey held in Italy, source [10] of 2019, the most common dishwashing machines are cupwashers\/glasswasher for bar<\/strong> (almost 80% of bars have one model, only 50% of restaurants and hotels have one dishwasher). Restaurants and hotels from 2008 to 2019 have preferred the purchase of a front-loading dishwasher,<\/strong> also thanks to the fact that they have a small footprint and ensure good productivity: 43% of the commercial activities in the Italian HoReCa market has a dishwasher (in 2008 only 23% owned a dishwashing machine). Larger machines such as hood-type dishwashers<\/strong>, rack conveyor dishwashers <\/strong>and utensil washers<\/strong> are less common, with a market penetration of 27%, 13% and 12% respectively. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elframo dishwashers<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Elframo has been founded by Mr. Angelo Mora in the Sixties <\/strong>with the aim of providing durable and reliable commercial dishwashing solutions.\u00a0Since then, the company has continued to grow and design new solutions to support the customers in the daily business and to get the best washing performance, with a high attention to consumption and energy efficiency.\u00a0The most important principle of providing the highest quality, in every small detail, has been unchanged for over 50 years.
If you are interested in our products, please contact us<\/a>, we will listen to your needs and develop a custom-made solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bibliography<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

[1]\u00a0 Alexander, Levi A., \u201cMachine for washing dishes\u201d. 21\/11\/1865, patent US 51000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] Josephine Cochran, \u201cDish washing machine\u201d, 28\/12\/1886, patent US 355,139<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] Website ThoughtCo.com, \u201cJosephine Cochran and the Invention of the Dishwasher\u201d, Mary Bellis, 2019, consulted on 28\/03\/2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]\u00a0 D\u2019Ambrosio, B., \u201cFrom Football to Fig Newtons: 76 American Inventors and The Inventions You Know by Heart\u201d, ISBN: 9781476201047, 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]\u00a0\u00a0Josephine Cochran, Annie Colt, \u201cDish-washing machine\u201d, 24\/04\/1917, patent US 1,223,380<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] Website National Inventors Hall of Fame, \u201cJosephine Garis Cochran\u201d, link, consulted on 28\/03\/2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] United States Patent and Trademark Office, \u201cI’ll do it myself\u201d, link, consulted on 28\/03\/2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]\u00a0Livens W. Howard, \u201cImprovements in apparatus for washing household crockery and the like\u201d, patent GB219103A<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]\u00a0Statista, \u201cHousehold ownership rate of dishwashing machines in most populous countries in Europe in 2020\u201d, link, consulted on 23\/03\/2021<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10] EFCEM Italia, \u201cDimensione e dinamicit\u00e0 del mercato degli apparecchi professionali nel comparto della ristorazione commerciale\u201d, 07\/2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dishwasher story The dishwasher is an equipment that is present in all homes to facilitate the daily life of many families.\u00a0Dishwashers have also become indispensable tools for people working in the HoReCa industry and need to wash big volumes of dishes that is unthinkable to wash by hand.\u00a0A commercial dishwasher is the answer, because it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8796,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3326],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-3326"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8829","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8829"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8829\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8829"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8829"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.elframo.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8829"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}